Scientists at the University of Edinburgh have identified eight genetic variations linked to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), providing new evidence that the condition is rooted in biology rather than psychological or behavioral factors. The findings mark a major step in understanding a disorder that affects an estimated 67 million people worldwide and has long suffered from limited scientific recognition.
The research was part of the DecodeME study, which analyzed DNA data from more than 275,000 people of European descent. This included 15,579 individuals who self-reported symptoms consistent with ME/CFS and 259,909 who did not report the condition. The study revealed that individuals with ME/CFS were more likely to carry certain gene variants related to the immune and nervous systems, suggesting a biological susceptibility.
At least two of the identified gene regions were associated with immune system responses to infection. This supports existing observations that symptoms of ME/CFS often begin after a viral or bacterial illness. Another gene region identified by the researchers has previously been linked to chronic pain, which is a common symptom in many ME/CFS cases, alongside fatigue, brain fog and post-exertional malaise.
Findings challenge outdated perceptions of chronic fatigue
ME/CFS is a complex condition with no known cure or diagnostic test. The disease is characterized by extreme fatigue that is not relieved by rest, cognitive impairments, and worsening symptoms following minimal physical or mental activity. Until now, the absence of clear biological markers has hindered both diagnosis and treatment, leading to skepticism around its legitimacy in some medical settings.
According to the research team, this is the first robust genetic evidence to show that inherited factors contribute to an individual’s risk of developing ME/CFS. Researcher Andy Devereux-Cooke noted that the findings are consistent with decades of patient reports and could help shift perceptions of the illness. He added that while the results are unlikely to lead to immediate tests or treatments, they represent a vital foundation for further study.
Independent scientists call for clinical diagnosis in future studies
The DecodeME study has not yet been peer-reviewed, and experts not involved in the research have urged caution in interpreting the results. Some scientists noted that relying on self-reported data rather than clinically diagnosed cases may limit the strength of the conclusions. They recommended follow-up studies with larger, well-characterized patient groups to validate the findings.
Dr. Jackie Cliff, an ME/CFS researcher at Brunel University London, welcomed the study’s contribution but emphasized that substantial work lies ahead. She said translating these findings into effective treatments will require significant investment and collaboration across the scientific community. The study is nonetheless seen as a meaningful development in a field that has long faced limited funding and scientific attention. – By Content Syndication Services.